1 thought on “Does anyone calculate the energy of each IMF”
Myron
As a behavioral body in the international community, its behavior is affected by the sovereign state. The United States, as the largest shareholder of IMF and World Bank, is often considered the main leader behind the decision -making behavior of the International Economic Organization. IMF and World Bank are usually accused of "the main equity country, especially the tools for the United States to realize political interests", and even some scholars call the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank as "the servants of the United States and other major powerful shareholders." As the first article described in this article, Andersen (ANDERSEN) uses the method of measurement in the "Loan Loan of the United States Politics and the World Bank International Development Association" to demonstrate the distribution of US political interests on the World Bank International Development Association (IDA) in the United States. It has influence, which reveals the power factors behind the world's banks.
IDA loans are the interest -free loan and gift window of the World Bank. They are often loaned to the poorest country in the world with a repayment period of fifty years. There are two main standards for issuing loans: per capita national income and IDA national performance evaluation. Among them, IDA National Performance Evaluation consists of two sub -standards: national policy and institutional assessment (CPIA) and annual investment portfolio performance report (APRR). On the one hand, because the standard of IDA allocation loans is more clear than the standards of other international financial institutions; on the other hand, the confidentiality of the IDA national performance evaluation results. Therefore, the IDA loan has always been considered to have no US interference, which means that the loan is issued strictly based on the rules and regulations. However, this obviously does not meet the system to think about this through people.
Thenderson found that most literatures have proved that the IDA loan is not affected by the political interests of the United States. The political interests of the sovereign country or the commercial interests of the United States have an impact on the distribution of IDA loans. Frey and Schneider's "Competition Model of International Loan Activities" published in 1986 through the study of loan factors of deciding on IBRD and IDA, it was found that in 1972-1981 Loan distribution has a significant impact. In an article in 2005, Fleck and Kilby proposed that the commercial interests of the United States have affected all the geographical distribution of all loans (IDA, IBRD and IFC) in the World Bank. Except for the above two articles on the United States, the United States may have an impact on IDA loan distribution, and other documents believe that the economic needs, policies and institutional performance of the recipient countries are the only criterion. However, as far as these two documents are concerned, it has not been systematically demonstrated whether the political interests of the US political interests affect IDA loans.
As a behavioral body in the international community, its behavior is affected by the sovereign state. The United States, as the largest shareholder of IMF and World Bank, is often considered the main leader behind the decision -making behavior of the International Economic Organization. IMF and World Bank are usually accused of "the main equity country, especially the tools for the United States to realize political interests", and even some scholars call the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank as "the servants of the United States and other major powerful shareholders." As the first article described in this article, Andersen (ANDERSEN) uses the method of measurement in the "Loan Loan of the United States Politics and the World Bank International Development Association" to demonstrate the distribution of US political interests on the World Bank International Development Association (IDA) in the United States. It has influence, which reveals the power factors behind the world's banks.
IDA loans are the interest -free loan and gift window of the World Bank. They are often loaned to the poorest country in the world with a repayment period of fifty years. There are two main standards for issuing loans: per capita national income and IDA national performance evaluation. Among them, IDA National Performance Evaluation consists of two sub -standards: national policy and institutional assessment (CPIA) and annual investment portfolio performance report (APRR). On the one hand, because the standard of IDA allocation loans is more clear than the standards of other international financial institutions; on the other hand, the confidentiality of the IDA national performance evaluation results. Therefore, the IDA loan has always been considered to have no US interference, which means that the loan is issued strictly based on the rules and regulations. However, this obviously does not meet the system to think about this through people.
Thenderson found that most literatures have proved that the IDA loan is not affected by the political interests of the United States. The political interests of the sovereign country or the commercial interests of the United States have an impact on the distribution of IDA loans. Frey and Schneider's "Competition Model of International Loan Activities" published in 1986 through the study of loan factors of deciding on IBRD and IDA, it was found that in 1972-1981 Loan distribution has a significant impact. In an article in 2005, Fleck and Kilby proposed that the commercial interests of the United States have affected all the geographical distribution of all loans (IDA, IBRD and IFC) in the World Bank. Except for the above two articles on the United States, the United States may have an impact on IDA loan distribution, and other documents believe that the economic needs, policies and institutional performance of the recipient countries are the only criterion. However, as far as these two documents are concerned, it has not been systematically demonstrated whether the political interests of the US political interests affect IDA loans.